This review considers the fundamentals of calcium phosphate apatite characterization discussing several techniques: electron microscopy/EDX, XRD, FTIR/Raman spectroscopies, chemical …

Apatite is the name given to a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxylapatite (or hydroxyapatite), fluoroapatite (or fluorapatite), and chloroapatite (or chlorapatite).They are named for the presence of hydroxide (OH-), fluoride (F-), and chloride (Cl-) ions, respectively, in the crystal lattice. These three forms of apatite are not readily distinguishable, as each specimen ...

What is Apatite? Apatite is the name of a group of phosphate minerals with similar chemical compositions and physical properties. They are an important constituent of phosphorite, a rock mined for its phosphorus content and used to make …

The phosphate group contains many minerals, but most are extremely rare. Apatite is the only common example. Vanadates and arsenates, which are closely related to the phosphates in chemistry and structure, are …

The two forms of calcium phosphate include apatite (sometimes reported as carbonate apatite), which is the crystal type found in bone, or calcium hydrogen phosphate (brushite); the frequency of apatite is much greater than brushite. Calcium phosphate crystals in the urine sediment are typically dark and amorphous.

Apatite is the generic name, which was first introduced by German geologist A.G. Werner. These minerals and their synthetic analogs represent a major class of ionic compounds and the most common crystalline form of calcium phosphates, which are of interest of many industrial branches and scientific disciplines. Since, apatite (fluorapatite) is the most abundant …

Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) 1 to 18: 2 to 15: Uric acid: 1 to 10: 3 to 16: ... (struvite or carbonate apatite stones) Solitary kidney* Uric acid– and urate-containing stones.

Apatite is the name of a group of phosphate minerals that have a familiar chemical composition and share the same physical properties. They are a significant component of phosphorite and used to make chemicals, acids, and fertilizers. Apatite has a consistent hardness and serves as the index mineral for a hardness of 5 in the Mohs Hardness Scale.

The sintering of silicon doped calcium phosphate ceramics prepared from a basic colloidal hydroxyapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 OH or HA) precipitate mixed with silica over 800 °C yields a phase mixture of tricalcium phosphate phases (TCP) designated Si–TCP, β-TCP and a silicon substituted dehydrated apatite (Si–Ap). The Si–TCP phase is defined as a combination of a …

Drouet gives the comprehensive review on experimental and predicted thermodynamic properties of phosphate apatites and oxyapatites, where O 2− ion replaces 2X − in general M 10 (PO 4) 6 X 2 formula of apatite phase and publishes the summary of available thermodynamic data including standard formation Gibbs energy (∆ G f °), ∆ H f ...

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2, and the crystal unit cell formulae of the ...

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals that can be classified based on the halide component present in their structure. The main types of apatite are: 1. Fluorapatite (Ca₅(PO₄)₃F) 1.1. Chemical Composition:Calcium phosphate with fluoride (F) as the halide. 1.2. Characteristics: Fluorapatite is the most common form of apatite foun…

Apatite crystals are a favorite among collectors with their stubby, terminated, hexagonal prisms, glassy transparency, and soft, yellow-to-greenish-yellow or blue mineral colors.These beautiful crystals rank high on blue gems and minerals lists.Much is mined in Mexico.. However, most of the apatite in the Earth's crust occurs not as macrocrystals, but in …

My first stone analysis (2017) showed 50% Calcium oxalate monohydrate, 40% Calcium oxalate dihydrate, and 10% Calcium phosphate (apatite). My second analysis (2021) showed 60% Calcium oxalate …

Apatite is the principal primary mineral, but a number of others are common in deposits formed during weathering of phosphate *In the trade the phosphate content of phosphate rock and fertilizer is commonly re­ ported as Ca3(PO4 >2, known as bone phosphate of lime (B.P.L.). To convert PjOs to

Biological apatite is an inorganic calcium phosphate salt in apatite form and nano size with a biological derivation. It is also the main inorganic component of biological hard tissues such as bones and teeth of vertebrates. Consequently, biological ...

Phosphate minerals are utilized in various fields. The apatite group is well known among the phosphate minerals. Our bones and teeth are also composed of apatites. Moreover, some naturally occurring phosphate minerals include radioactive elements. The crystal...

Apatite, a phosphate mineral cherished in the gemstone world, represents one of nature's most versatile and colorful crystal formations. While less known than popular gems like sapphires or emeralds, apatite has gained …

6.1 PHOSPHATE (APATITE) Introduction Apatite is the most abundant crystalline phosphate mineral found as an accessory mineral in practically all kinds of igneous rocks. Sometimes, it is concentrated in pegmatites, metallic veins and magmatic deposits. It also occurs in metamorphic rocks and as a secondary

Even though the content of selected individuals was not enough to analyze their XRD characteristics, authigenic apatite individuals have larger diameters (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5) than apatite nanocrystals in collophanites (Fig. 2 h, i), resulting from that phosphate minerals transformed and grew up during diagenesis.

Apatite is one of nature's most versatile minerals, playing a vital role in everything from agriculture to jewelry and even human biology. Best known as the primary source of phosphorus in fertilizers, apatite also forms beautiful, …

Phosphorus makes up about 0.10 percent of the weight of Earth's crust in the form of phosphate minerals and phosphoruscontaining organic compounds (eg, Mackey and Paytan 2009; Tiessen 2008).

Calcium phosphate apatite retention in the arterial wall necessitates precipitation on an anionic platform. Here, we explore the role of tissue-free DNA as such a platform. Methods: The first step consisted of histological observation of samples from human and rat calcified arteries. Various stains were used to evaluate colocalization of free ...

Apatite concentrate is an important source of phosphate and contains significant amounts of rare earth elements (REEs). In this study, the possibility of selective phosphoric acid leaching of phosphate and calcium from the Esfordi (Yazd province, Iran) apatite concentrate, containing 16.3% phosphorus, 37.1% calcium, 2.9% iron and 1.2% REEs was investigated.

Studies of apatite mineral formation are complicated by the possibility of forming several calcium phosphate phases. The least soluble, hydroxyapatite (HAP), is preferentially formed under neutral or basic conditions. In more acidic solutions phases such …

most abundant phosphate mineral. Apatite forms the base of the P cycle, which begins when the (PO 4) 3-phosphate group is released as apatite weathers at the Earth's surface. The mineral occurs in igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, and hydrothermal rock systems, and is …

Here, we show that ubiquitous heat flows through rock cracks can liberate phosphate from apatite by the selective removal of calcium. Phosphate's strong …

The original source of most soil P is from the primary mineral apatite, or rock phosphate (RP).Apatite is a highly insoluble Ca-phosphate compound with the general formula of Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 X 2, where X is F − (fluoroapatite), OH − (hydroxyapatite), or Cl − (chloroapatite). In highly weathered, acidic soils, little or none of these apatite minerals remain in the soil.

Lead apatite stands out among phosphate minerals due to its unique composition and properties. While apatite minerals share a hexagonal crystal structure, lead apatite's lead ions confer distinctive characteristics, such as increased density and specific optical properties. These differences have practical implications for environmental ...

Since, apatite (fluora‐ patite) is the most abundant phosphate mineral, apatite bearing phosphate rocks represents an important source of inorganic phosphorus. First chapter of this book introduces the basic concepts of nomenclature, composition, classification, crystal structure, mineralogy and properties of minerals from the supergroup of ...

Apatite refers to a group of phosphate minerals that have similar chemical compositions and physical properties. These minerals are a key component of phosphorite, a type of rock mined for its phosphorus, which is essential for making fertilizers, phosphoric acid, and other industrial chemicals.. In geology, apatite is most recognized as the mineral used to mark …

Apatite is a member of a group of structurally related minerals having compositions symbolized A5 (B O 4) 3X, in which A is a metal, commonly calcium or lead; B is phosphorus, vanadium, or arsenic; and X is chlorine, fluorine, or …

Calcium phosphate uroliths (hydroxyapatite, brushite, whitlockite, and octacalcium phosphate) are uncommon in dogs. ... and dystrophic and ectopic mineralization of vital tissues (blood clots, urothelium, etc.). Diagnostic. Calcium phosphate uroliths include apatite, brushite, and octacalcium phosphate. • Serum calcium. Investigate causes for ...

Apatite is the most abundant phosphate mineral which include more than 95% of al phosphorus in the Earth´s crust. The seventh chapter of this book provides brief description of sedimentary and igneous phosphate rocks and introduces basic ideas for characterization and classification of phosphate rocks. The chapter continues with description of biogenic apatites, …

Crystals make stones and their names signify the kidney stone types. Here are the names of the crystals that make the stones: CAOX, Calcium Oxalate; CAP, Calcium phosphate; UA, Uric Acid; Cystine; Struvite. The …